Best Cardiology Hospital in Hyderabad

Symptoms of Arrhythmia:

However, some noticeable symptoms are as follows:

• Chest pain
• Dizziness
• Fainting/syncope
• The feeling of a slowed heartbeat
• The feeling of a pounding/racing heartbeat
• Fluttering in Chest
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• In some cases, there may not be signs and symptoms, while in other cases, they may even appear frequently or have a sudden onset

Causes of Arrhythmias:

Arrhythmias may have several causes that may include:

• Blockage of arteries in the heart
• Enlarged heart
• Diabetes
• Drug abuse
• Genetics
• Ongoing heart attack
• Sleep apnoea
• Smoking
• Abnormalities of heart muscle

Read more about – Arrhythmia or Irregular Heartbeat

Symptoms of Heart Failure:

• Wheezing
• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling in the legs, ankles and feet
• Reduced ability to exercise
• Shortness of breath when lying down
• Cough with white and pink mucus

Causes of Heart Failure:

Diseases and conditions that cause heart failure are as follows:

• Diabetes
• Sleep apnoea
• High blood pressure
• Irregular heartbeats
• Congenital heart disease
• Coronary artery disease
• Heart valve disease

Read more about – Heart Failure

Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation:

Symptoms may vary depending on the complexity of the condition. They include:

• Chest pain
• Confusion
• Decreased ability to exercise
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness
• Racing heartbeat or heart palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness

Causes of Atrial Fibrillation:

Some common causes of atrial fibrillation are:

• Conditions like Atrial septal defects, Sick sinus syndrome
• Defects of valves like mitral stenosis
• High blood pressure
• Hyperthyroid
• Previous heart surgery
• Sleep apnoea
• Stressful conditions
• Viral infections

Read more about – Atrial Fibrillation

Symptoms of Atrial Flutter:

Some of the common symptoms of atrial flutter are:

• Chest pain
• Dizziness
• Person feel their own heart pounding
• Shortness of breath
• Sometimes fainting or passing out
• Weakness or tiredness

Causes of Atrial Flutter:

Some common causes of atrial flutter include:

• Disturbed electrical impulses at the right atrium
• Conditions like atrial septal defects & sick sinus syndrome
• Defects of valves like mitral stenosis
• Hyperthyroid
• Previous heart surgery
• Stressful conditions

Read more about – Atrial Flutter

Symptoms of Heart Attack:

Symptoms may vary depending on a mild or severe attack, and may also differ from person to person. They include:

• Feeling weak and light-headed (dizziness)
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating and nausea

Causes of Heart Attack:

• Coronary artery disease
• Plaque buildup
• Blood clot formation
• Atherosclerosis
• Coronary artery spasm
• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
• Trauma
• Embolism

Read more about – Heart Attack and Angioplasty

Symptoms of Heart Murmurs:

Some of the common symptoms of heart murmurs are as follows:

• Bluish colour of the skin of lips or fingertips (cyanosis)
• Dizziness or fainting
• Increased tendency to sweat
• Long-standing cough
• Prominent neck veins
• Shortness of breath
• Sudden weight gain

Causes of Heart Murmurs:

1. Abnormal heart murmurs in babies:

Any structural defect or congenital heart defect like:

• Septal defects: holes in the heart or cardiac shunts
• Defects in heart valves: abnormality associated with inadequate blood flow through the valve.

2. Abnormal heart murmurs in children and adults:

Infections or conditions leading to damage of heart structure, like:

• Valve calcification (mitral stenosis or aortic valve stenosis)
• Endocarditis
• Rheumatic fever from throat infection

Read more about – Heart Murmurs

Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease:

• People may experience shortness of breath when lying down or during physical activity.
• The feeling of tiredness or weakness even after a minimum effort
• Chest pain could be a sign of a heart valve problem.
• Dizziness or fainting due to reduced blood flow
• Swelling due to fluid buildup occurs in the ankles, feet, or abdomen
• Heart palpitation, where there is a pounding feeling in the chest
• The murmuring of the heart with a swishing sound under a stethoscope

Causes of Heart Valve Disease:

• Age-related conditions like stiffening of the valves and accumulation of calcium deposits.
• Congenital heart disease, where people are born with the said conditions.
• Infections such as rheumatic fever or endocarditis can lead to damaged heart valves.
• Heart attack and heart failure can lead to a weakened heart, thus affecting the valve functions.
• Radiation therapy can sometimes damage the heart valves.
• Genetic disorders like Marfan syndrome can affect the heart valves.
• Diabetes and severe kidney disease may increase the risk of damaging the heart valve.

Symptoms of Cholesterol and Lipid Disorders:

• High cholesterol levels often go unnoticed until it leads to certain complications.
• Yellowing and fatty bumps on the skin
• Chest pain and fatigue
• A buildup of plaque in the arteries
• The appearance of the white-colored arching around the cornea of the eye.
• Raised yellow lumps on the inner corners of the eyes.

Causes for Cholesterol and Lipid Disorders:

• Unhealthy lifestyle
  • Stress triggers hormonal changes, leading to higher cholesterol production.
  • Excessive alcohol consumption can increase overall body cholesterol.
  • A sedentary lifestyle can reduce the good (HDL) cholesterol.
  • Consuming trans fat, found in processed foods, full-fat dairy, and fatty meat, can elevate bad (LDL) cholesterol.
• Genetics
  • Hereditary causes: If high cholesterol runs in the family, it increases the risk of such disorders.
  • Chromosomal conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia may increase the level of LDL.
• Kidney and liver disease
• Obesity and hypothyroidism

Symptoms of High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):

• Severe headaches
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Anxiety
• Nausea and vomiting
• Nosebleeds
• Chest pain
• Abnormal heart palpitation
• Buzzing of ears
• Blurry vision
• Shortness of breath

Causes for High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):

Primary Hypertension:

• Often linked to lifestyle choices and genetics
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Consumption of a sodium-rich diet that lacks potassium
• A family history of hypertension can make the situation more complicated

Secondary Hypertension:

• Often occurs due to underlying medical conditions or any medical prescription.
• Diabetes
• Thyroid diseases
• Adrenal gland disorders (Cushing’s syndrome)
• Kidney diseases
• Sleep apnea

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease:

• Weakness and dizziness
• Cold sweats and fatigue
• Nausea or indigestion
• Rapid and abnormal heart palpitations
• Pain spreads to the arms, legs, back, neck, and chest
• Short lung capacity and fullness during any physical activity

Risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease:

• Sedentary lifestyle
• Unhealthy diet, i.e., high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Family history of cardiac conditions
• Smoking

Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD):

• Intermittent claudication (aching pain in the calf muscle that subsides when the body comes to rest)
• Numbness in the legs or feet
• Shiny skin with pale or bluish coloration
• Hair loss of the legs and feet
• Brittle and slowly growing toenails
• Coldness and ulcers on the leg that don’t heal

Causes for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD):

• Plaque buildup on the artery walls (atherosclerosis)
• Smoking
• Hypertension
• High LDL cholesterol
• Family history
• Diabetes

Symptoms of an Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly):

• Abnormal heart palpitations
• Arrhythmias
• Chest pain and cough
• Fatigue, swelling, and dizziness
• Restricted ability to perform daily activities
• Shortness of breath

Causes for Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly):

• Myocarditis: Infection of the heart musculature
• Cardiomyopathy: A chronic condition of the heart musculature, making it harder to pump blood
• Heart valve disease
• Pulmonary hypertension: High BP in the artery carrying blood to the lungs, causing the right side of the heart to enlarge
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Pregnancy
• Recreational substance abuse
• Anaemia, kidney diseases, or thyroid conditions

Symptoms of Coronary Microvasculature Disease (MVD):

• Atypical angina
• Exercise intolerance
• Fatigue and shortness of breath

Causes for Coronary Microvasculature Disease (MVD):

• Inability to dilate properly
• Damage to the inner wall of the small blood vessels
• Atherosclerosis
• High blood pressure and cholesterol
• Severe diabetes

Preview: A 2D echocardiogram uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and valves, detecting malfunctions and damage like clots or defects, though some discomfort may occur during transducer placement.

Read more about – Echocardiography (Echo)

Preview: If you’re experiencing unusual stress, fatigue, or shortness of breath, a stress test involving running on a treadmill at varying speeds while your heart rhythm and oxygen supply are monitored is likely recommended for fitness assessment and detecting cardiac conditions in the patients.

Read more about – Stress Test (TMT)

Preview: CCTA, or cardiac catheterization, provides detailed images of heart vessels to diagnose blockages and guide treatment. During the procedure, a catheter and contrast dye are used to visualize coronary arteries via X-ray.

Read more about – Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA)

Preview: Ultra-low contrast angiography minimizes contrast dye use during heart and kidney procedures, reducing kidney damage risk. This technique helps patients with severe heart or kidney problems, cardiogenic shock, especially contrast dye anaphylaxis.

Read more about – Ultra Low Contrast Angiography

Preview: OCT uses light waves to create detailed retinal images, aiding in diagnosing eye conditions by mapping retinal and optic nerve layers. Beyond ophthalmology, OCT techniques are used in cardiology, neurology, and oncology, including OCT angiography for vascular imaging. It is used to visualize coronary arteries, assess plaque characteristics, and guide interventional procedures like PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention).

Read more about – Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Preview: A Holter monitor, a painless, portable ECG device, records heart activity continuously for 24 hours or more, capturing intermittent arrhythmias and rhythm abnormalities that a standard ECG might miss. This extended monitoring allows doctors to diagnose conditions like arrhythmias, evaluate the effectiveness of current medications, and detect potential heart rhythm problems that may not manifest during brief, in-office tests.

Preview: The thallium stress test uses a radioactive tracer to visualize blood flow to the heart, aiding in the diagnosis and risk assessment of coronary artery disease. This non-invasive test accurately detects ischaemia and predicts cardiac complications like heart attacks.

Read more about – Thallium Stress Test

Preview: The troponin-I test measures a protein released during heart damage, aiding in the rapid diagnosis of heart attacks. Elevated levels, above 40 ng/L, indicate potential cardiac muscle injury.

Read more about – Troponin-I

Preview: A MUGA scan uses tracers and gamma rays to measure the heart’s pumping efficiency, specifically the ejection fraction. It helps diagnose heart diseases and assess heart health before chemotherapy, by visualizing ventricular function.

Read more about – MUGA Scan

Preview: A lipid profile test measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels to assess heart disease risk by detecting potential artery blockages. This test, measuring LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, helps doctors manage cardiovascular health through lifestyle and treatment recommendations.

Read more about – Lipid Profile Test

Preview: The Lp(a) test measures a cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in the blood to assess heart disease risk, as elevated levels indicate increased danger.

Read more about – LP(a) Test

Preview: LDL cholesterol, a fat and protein combination measured every five years for adults, is considered “bad” because high levels can build up in arteries, increasing heart disease risk, and is typically tested alongside other cholesterol markers to determine a patient’s cardiovascular health.

Read more about – LDL Cholesterol Test

Preview: The HDL test measures “good” cholesterol, which helps remove harmful fats from the bloodstream, reducing heart disease risk. Regular HDL testing is recommended for individuals with increased cardiac risk to monitor and maintain healthy cholesterol levels.

Read more about – HDL Cholesterol Test

Preview: The CRP test measures liver-produced C-reactive protein, indicating inflammation from infections, autoimmune diseases, or cardiovascular risk, by detecting elevated levels associated with artery damage. This test is crucial for assessing inflammation, predicting heart disease risk, and diagnosing chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, aiding in informed patient care and treatment decisions.

Read more about – C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Test

Preview: The CK-MB test measures creatine kinase, specifically the CK-MB isozyme, which is primarily found in the heart and released into the bloodstream during cardiac muscle damage, aiding in the diagnosis of heart attacks. Elevated CK-MB levels, above 24 U/L, indicate significant heart injury, while normal CK values vary by gender.

Read more about – CK-MB Test