Best Children’s Hospital in Hyderabad

Preview: Hydrocele correction, or hydrocelectomy, primarily aims to relieve the patient of discomfort and heaviness by improving mobility and enhancing cosmetic appearance. Its purpose is to treat the underlying conditions linked to hydrocele, like hernia, as well as address the persistent hydrocele in infants.

Surgical Steps

• The hydrocele correction surgery, also known as hydrocelectomy, begins with a small incision in the groin or scrotum and either general or regional anesthesia to access the fluid-filled sac.
• The surgeon then isolates and drains the fluid before managing the sac to prevent recurrence. This is typically accomplished by removing and turning outward a large portion of denser sacs or plicating the entire sac for smaller ones (Jaboulay procedure).
• Finally, the incision is closed with dissolvable sutures, and a temporary drainage tube may be inserted to remove excess fluid.

Benefits

• Reduced swelling and discomfort
• Improved mobility
• Long-lasting solution to prevent recurrence
• Reduced risk of infections
• Boost confidence and self-esteem
• Enhanced daily function
• Higher success rate with quick recovery

Read more about – Hydrocelectomy

Preview: The primary objective of phimosis surgery is to alleviate symptoms such as discomfort during urination or sex and to prevent future complications caused by the excessively tight foreskin. The procedure ultimately improves overall sexual and urinary health by reducing the risk of infections (such as balanitis) and the serious condition of paraphimosis and enhancing hygiene.

Surgical Steps

• The procedure commences with a consultation with a urologist to evaluate the phimosis, discuss surgical alternatives, and provide preoperative instructions, which may include the cessation of specific medications or the fasting of the patient. During the surgery, the patient gets the site cleaned and sterilized and receives either a local or general anesthesia.
• A circular incision is made proximal to the glans, then dissect, peel back, a excise the foreskin, and the skin layers are circumferentially layered back together.
• After the procedure, the patient is initially monitored, followed by a set of instructions on wound care management, and is also advised on avoiding strenuous activity and sexual intercourse.

Benefits

• Eliminates the inability to retract the foreskin
• Reduced risk of infections
• Lower risk of penile cancer
• Improved hygiene
• Restores normal urination
• Enhance sexual functions
• Increased confidence

Read more about – Circumcision

Preview: A frenotomy is a surgical procedure that is designed to enhance oral function by extending the range of motion of the tongue or cheeks. In the case of infants, this frequently entails the facilitation of a proper latch to enhance feeding and comfort. For older children and adults, it primarily pertains to issues such as speech impediments, enhanced oral hygiene, and support for orthodontic treatment. The primary objective is to alleviate functional limitations and distress, which encompass a wide range of issues, including dental complications, jaw pain, and feeding difficulties.

Surgical Steps

• The traditional or laser frenotomy involves positioning the patient and numbing the area with a local anesthetic for adults or a topical solution/sugar water for swaddling infants, making the restrictive frenulum taut for access before creating a small incision with sterile scissors or a scalpel.
• Following the incision and any necessary blunt dissection, minimal bleeding is controlled with gauze pressure, and aftercare for infants typically involves immediate breastfeeding for comfort.
• This laser simultaneously cuts and cauterizes the restrictive tissue, significantly minimizing bleeding, eliminating the need for stitches, and facilitating a rapid recovery.

Benefits

• Easier breastfeeding
• Improved digestion, sleep, and breathing
• Better sleep and oral hygiene
• Reduced risk of oral health issues
• Improved speech
• Reduced headache and muscle tightness
• Makes it easier to chew and swallow

Preview: The primary objective of an orchidopexy is to protect the reproductive health of the patient in the future and to prevent the complications that are associated with an undescended testicle. The orchidopexy procedure significantly enhances the fertility potential, facilitates cancer monitoring, and secures the testicle to avoid painful and dangerous testicular torsion by repositioning it into the cooler scrotum. Additionally, it addresses associated issues such as hernias and trauma, while also providing significant psychological benefits and enhancing a boy’s self-esteem.

Surgical Steps

• The inguinal orchiopexy surgery commences with the creation of a small incision in the groin to access the inguinal canal.
• This allows the surgeon to locate, mobilize, and free the testicle from the surrounding tissue and any associated hernia sac. Subsequently, a distinct scrotal pouch is created for the testicle’s ultimate placement.
• In inguinal or laparoscopic procedures, the testicle is moved into the scrotal pouch and secured in place to prevent it from moving back up, after which all incisions are closed with dissolving sutures.
• However, if the laparoscopic approach reveals blood vessels are too short, a more complex, staged procedure like the Fowler-Stephens technique may be necessary.

Benefits

• Reduced risk of testicular cancer
• Increased fertility potential
• Prevents testicle torsion
• Lower risk of injury
• Improved normal sexual development
• Improved self-esteem
• Better quality of life

Preview: The primary aims of fracture correction are to achieve anatomic reduction by restoring the broken bone fragments to their correct alignment and providing stable fixation with surgical implants to ensure proper healing. This dual approach is essential to prevent complications like malunion or nonunion, control pain, and ultimately restore optimal function and mobility to the affected limb.

Surgical Steps

• Open reduction entails manually relocating the shattered bone pieces into their proper anatomical position, followed by internal fixation, which secures the corrected bone in place with various surgical hardware.
• Plates and screws, intramedullary rods (nails), or pins and wires are used as hardware, and the limb is then immobilized with a cast or splint to promote healing and protection.

Benefits

• Ensure correct healing
• Reduced pain and swelling
• Prevents further injury
• Promotes the limb’s maximum possible functioning

Preview: The excision of a benign soft tissue lesion serves both diagnostic and therapeutic goals, with the primary goal of confirming the diagnosis through biopsy, particularly for suspicious growths, and preventing potential consequences like infection. The surgery’s therapeutic goals include relieving symptoms like pain or discomfort, restoring or improving function that has been hampered by large masses, and satisfying a patient’s beauty concerns.

Surgical Steps:

• First, the surgeon makes an incision over the lesion (elliptical for skin lesions, linear for subcutaneous ones).
• Next, the mass is carefully dissected (removing the complete wall for cysts), and any bleeding is controlled with hemostasis procedures.
• A sterile bandage is applied after the specimen has been removed and sent for analysis. The wound is then sutured in layers, either simply or with skin grafts for larger deformities.

Benefits

• Improved aesthetics
• Reduced anxiety
• Relief from immediate symptoms
• Restoration of the functions of joints and vision
• Prevention of complications like infections, bleeding, and pressure on the surrounding tissues.

Read more about – Soft Tissue Mass/Benign Lesion Removal

Preview: The combined tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy treats recurring throat infections and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), especially in children. Surgery is often recommended after frequent infections over the years and is the most common and effective treatment for snoring and sleep apnea. Removing swollen tissue unblocks eustachian canals, helping linked issues like ear and sinus infections. It also addresses structural problems such as severe swallowing, speech difficulties, peritonsillar abscess, and chronic conditions like tonsil stone halitosis.

Surgical Steps

• Tonsillectomy: The patient lies on their back with their mouth kept open by a specialized retractor, allowing the surgeon to remove the tonsils using a variety of techniques, which involves cold knife dissection with the following cautery, or heat-based methods like electrocautery (cutting and cauterization together) or Coblation (dissolves tissue with radiofrequency energy), followed by meticulous hemostasis to prevent bleeding.

• Adenoidectomy: The surgeon accesses the adenoids positioned at the rear of the nasal cavity through the mouth before removing the tissue with several specialized equipment, followed by scraping with a curette, shaving and suctioning with a microdebrider, and dissolving the tissue with electrocautery or coblation. These methods of removal, along with hemostasis, are obtained through pressure or cautery.
• Post-surgery Phase: The patient is followed in recovery until they are fully awake and able to breathe and swallow food with ease. Patients with sleep apnea or those who are very young may require overnight care and are informed of a sore throat and common ear pain. The surgeons prescribe medicines and suggest you stay hydrated while following a soft diet, with full recovery taking 1-2 weeks.

Benefits

• Improved airflow
• Better sleep
• Reduced seep apnea
• Improved daytime behavior and hearing
• Fewer throat infections
• Elimination of bad breath
• Clearer speech

Read more about – Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy

Preview: The major goals of excising congenital neck cysts are diagnostic and therapeutic, with the emphasis on preventing recurrence by thoroughly removing all epithelial tissue and ruling out the uncommon chance of malignancy with histological confirmation. Therapeutically, the operation treats and avoids recurring infections while simultaneously addressing major cosmetic concerns by removing the apparent bulk.

Surgical Steps

• Following the incision, careful dissection is performed, often using a probe or an injected dye such as Methylene blue to identify and follow the entire cyst tract for complete excision, which may include the specialized Sistrunk procedure to remove a portion of the hyoid bone in the case of a thyroglossal duct cyst.

Benefits

• Reduces the risk of recurrences
• Improved aesthetics
• Prevention of complications

Preview: The primary goals of cleft palate repair are to facilitate normal speech development by restoring palate function, to allow normal eating and drinking by preventing food from escaping through the nose, and to contribute to overall aesthetic and functional improvements while reducing the risk of recurring ear infections.

Surgical Steps

• The primary goals of cleft palate repair are to facilitate normal speech development by restoring palate function, to allow normal eating and drinking by preventing food from escaping through the nose, and to contribute to overall aesthetic and functional improvements while reducing the risk of recurring ear infections.

Benefits

• Improved feeding
• Better hearing
• Enhances speech development
• Improved dental structure
• Adds support for facial growth
• Enhanced self-esteem
• Reduced social and emotional challenges
• Decreased long-term interventions

Read more about – Cleft Palate Repair

Preview: The surgical aims and purposes of neural tube defect repair are to preserve neural tissue by restoring it to the cranial or spinal cavity, prevent infection by creating a hermetic (watertight) seal, and correct bone and cosmetic defects. Furthermore, it also involves managing associated conditions, including hydrocephalus, improving functions, or reducing secondary neurological changes.

Surgical Steps

• The surgical process begins with sac exposure and exploration, during which excess fluid is drained or non-functional brain tissue is found, and functional neural tissue is gently restored to the cranial or spinal cavities.
• Next, a crucial watertight closure of the dura mater is followed by the closure of the bone defect, which may involve the use of grafts for larger openings.
• Finally, the surgeon may perform other procedures, such as VP shunt placement for hydrocephalus, before carefully sealing the skin over the repair site.
• Postoperative treatment consists of precise wound care to prevent infection, close monitoring for problems such as CSF leaks, particular patient posture (for example, placing babies on their stomachs) to protect the repair, and long-term rehabilitation with physical and occupational therapy.

Benefits

• Reduced complications
• Improved neurological outcomes
• Improved neurocognitive development
• Correction of physical deformities
• Prevents the risk of meningitis or encephalitis

Preview: the primary aim is to provide cosmetic and psychological improvement, physical and physiological correction, and preserve or improve respiratory and cardiac function. Its purposes differ based on the type of deformity, such as funnel chest or pigeon chest.

Surgical Steps

• Nuss Procedure: Also known as the minimally invasive pectus excavatum (funnel chest) Repair, entails the creation of two tiny chest incisions and the use of thoracoscope guidance to thread a curved metal bar beneath the sternum. The surgeon then rotates the bar 180 degrees to immediately correct the sunken chest, securing it in place for two to four years to enable the sternum and cartilage to remodel before removal.

• Ravitch Procedure: In order to expose the defect and remove the deformed costal cartilages while preserving the rib lining, the traditional Ravitch Technique for Pectus Excavatum entails a larger chest incision. The sternum is subsequently moved (often with a wedge osteotomy) and stabilized with a stabilizing rod or mesh supports before the wound is closed.

• Abramson Procedure: The minimally invasive pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) repair procedure corrects a protruding sternum by placing a curved metal bar over the sternum through small incisions, which is then tightened via stabilizers to compress and remodel the chest wall over two to three years.

Benefits

• Boosted confidence
• Reduced psychological distress
• Increased participation in activities
• Improved cardiopulmonary function
• Better breathing
• Reduced symptoms
• Imparts natural contouring
• More symmetrical and improved look

Preview: The goals of diaphragmatic hernia repair are to restore anatomy by shifting abdominal organs back into the abdomen, to repair the defect by closing the hole in the diaphragm, and to enhance lung function by allowing the damaged lung to expand.

Surgical Steps

• Laparotomy, where the surgeon makes an incision just below the ribs, is often preferred for large defects.
• Thoracotomy, where the incision is made in the chest, is common for late-presenting cases or neonatal CDH repair.
• Laparoscopy/Thoracoscopy is considered for smaller defects due to the high recurrence rate despite better aesthetic results.

Benefits

• Prevention of organ displacement
• Improved lung function
• Facilitation of feeding
• Reduce the risk of complications like bowel obstruction

Preview: The primary objective of an appendectomy is to alleviate acute appendicitis by surgically removing the inflamed appendix, thereby resolving the infection and reducing the immediate risk of perforation. The procedure also prevents life-threatening complications, such as sepsis and peritonitis, by eliminating the source of infection and allowing for drainage in the event of a rupture.

Surgical Steps

• Laparoscopic appendectomy is the procedure of choice for minimally invasive surgery. It is conducted under general anesthesia through one to three small abdominal incisions.
• A laparoscope and specialized instruments are employed to observe the abdomen, which is inflated with CO2, in order to seal off and remove the appendix during the procedure.
• This method provides benefits such as a faster recovery, smaller scars, and reduced discomfort; however, it may be converted to open surgery in the event of a rupture or extensive infection.

Benefits

• Prevents the appendix from rupture
• Provides definitive diagnosis
• Improves the quality of life
• Less scarring
• Faster recovery
• Reduced post-operative pain
• Lower the risk of infection
• Shorter hospital stay

Preview: The primary objective of surgery is to remove the entire tumor with clear margins, perform a partial nephrectomy to preserve kidney function when feasible, and stage the cancer by evaluating adjacent lymph nodes. There are two surgical options: a radical nephrectomy, which involves the complete removal of the affected kidney and the lymph nodes surrounding it, or a partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing), which is performed on smaller tumors to preserve healthy tissue.

Surgical Steps

• There are two surgical options: a radical nephrectomy, which involves the complete removal of the affected kidney and the lymph nodes surrounding it, or a partial nephrectomy (nephron-sparing), which is performed on smaller tumors to preserve healthy tissue.
• Although open surgery is the conventional method and retrieves a greater number of lymph nodes, minimally invasive techniques are occasionally employed, and a biopsy may be conducted initially to verify the diagnosis.

Benefits

• Potential to save kidney function
• Accurate diagnosis and staging
• Improved surgical outcomes
• Enhanced overall treatment effectiveness
• Offers supportive care by managing the side effects of chemotherapy

Preview: Gross Total Resection (GTR) is the primary goal of brain tumor surgery; it improves survival and provides tissue diagnosis, which is critical for guiding further treatment. Surgery, which removes or debulks the tumor, also helps to reduce symptoms and enhances the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy while preserving important brain function.

Surgical Methods

• Open craniotomy
• Stereostatic surgery
• Neuroendoscopy
• Intraoperative imaging
• Neurophysiology monitoring

Benefits

• Alleviates symptoms like increased pressure inside the skull and seizures
• Improved outcomes for other therapies
• Targeted and minimally invasive options
• Enhanced survival rates
• Issue diagnosis and immediate symptom relief

Preview: The primary aim of repair surgeries for abdominal wall birth defects, including gastroschisis and omphalocele, is to restore normal anatomy, safeguard internal organs, and support physiological functions. Its primary purposes involve reducing the abdominal contents into the infant’s abdomen, closing the abdominal wall defect, and ensuring that the abdominal domain is sufficient to prevent complications such as increased intra-abdominal pressure, organ injury, or infection.

Surgical Steps

• The surgeon examines and treats exposed organs, who occasionally inserts a nasogastric tube to extract digestive fluids, before returning the organs to the abdomen.
• The abdominal wall is directly stitched for small defects, while larger defects are covered with a protective pouch until the organs can be progressively repositioned and the wall can be closed in stages.

Benefits

• Organ protection
• Prevention of complications
• Improved organ functions
• Provides support for breathing
• Healthy and long-term outlook

Preview: Repair surgeries for GI Tract birth defects aim to restore anatomical integrity, such as repositioning of organs, establish intestinal continuity, and reconnect structures. It also ensures proper digestion and nutrition by enabling feeding and preventing long-term malnutrition, as well as avoiding abdominal compartment syndrome and relieving obstructions.

Surgical Steps

• To ensure proper function, the surgeon assesses the affected organs, removes unhealthy tissue, and stitches the healthy edges together.
• The repaired organs are subsequently returned to the abdomen.

Benefits

• Corrects congenital anomalies such as blockages (atresia), malrotations, or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
• Restores proper organ functions by repairing gastroschisis or omphalocele
• Prevents life-threatening complications like organ damage due to exposure or infections
• Relief from significant pain and distress
• Reduces future surgical needs
• Enhances long-term health outcomes
• Offer better cosmetic results

Preview: The goals of surgical repair for pediatric complex hypospadias are to create a slit-like urethral entrance (meatus), a straight phallus with an orthotopic (normal location), and a glans and skin coverage that are aesthetically pleasing. This assures the newly developed urethra’s functionality in complex cases, addressing potential problems, such as chordee (penile curvature) and establishing a urethra that allows regular urine and sexual activity.

Surgical Steps

• Orthoplasty: Straightens the penile curvature
• Urethroplasty: Creates a new functional urethra

• Preservation or incision of the urethral plate
• Use of flaps or grafts

• Meatoplasty & Glanuloplasty: Reforming the tip of the glans penis and the external opening of the urethra
• Scrotoplasty: Performed in severe cases to reconstruct the scrotum
• The surgical approach may be a one-step or a two-step procedure

Benefits

• Normal urine flow and sexual functions
• Improved appearance
• Enhanced self-esteem
• Reduced psychological impact
• No painful erections in young children
• Easier post-operative care

Preview: Pediatric bladder reconstruction aims to restore normal urinary form and function, achieve urine continence, and improve the child’s quality of life by constructing a functional bladder and accompanying structures. The primary goals are to avoid urine leakage, manage bladder emptying to prevent kidney injury, and provide an alternate conduit for bladder drainage if necessary. This complex, multi-stage approach frequently includes numerous complex surgeries and a multidisciplinary team to obtain successful outcomes.

Surgical Steps

• Surgeons can produce a new bladder from a section of the intestine, often attaching it to the ureters and urethra and occasionally performing bladder neck restoration to prevent leaking.
• Bladder size can be enlarged by intestinal tissue, and the ureters are reimplanted in the new bladder.
• Pelvic and bone adjustments, such as osteotomies, are occasionally required to reduce abdominal wall tension and aid in the mending process.

Benefits

• Provided independence through easier catheterization and better continence
• Achieve a normal voiding pattern
• Reduced need for procedures
• Less pain and trauma
• Faster recovery
• Reduced blood loss
• Reduced risk of complications

Preview: VUR surgery essentially aims to correct the backward flow to restore proper urine flow, prevent kidney infections (pyelonephritis) by preventing infected urine from reaching the kidneys, preserve renal function by preventing scarring, and reduce the need for long-term medications.

Surgical Steps

• Endoscopic Injection: a minimally invasive outpatient procedure in which a cystoscope is used under general anesthesia to inject a bulking agent (gel-like substance) near the ureteral orifice. This injected material forms a bulge that serves as a natural stopper, allowing the natural valve to seal more effectively and preventing urine from flowing backward into the kidneys.

• Laparoscopic & Robotic-Assisted Ureteral Reimplantation: a high-tech version of the standard correction, using keyhole surgery or robotics instead of larger cuts. The surgeons may re-route and re-implant the ureter, working inside or outside the bladder, and build a new, properly functioning ureter tunnel with bladder wall and muscle. This fixes the faulty valve, prevents the urine backflow, and promotes faster recovery with less pain and scarring.

Benefits

• Reduce feverish UTIs
• Restored normal urine flow
• Minimally invasive
• Ease of use
• Higher success rates
• Faster recovery

Preview: The primary goal is to restore normal blood flow by closing the hole in the heart, which prevents oxygen-rich and deoxygenated blood from mixing, thereby preventing serious long-term complications such as high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension) and heart failure, as well as relieving symptoms such as breathing difficulties and weakness and significantly increasing life expectancy.

Surgical Steps

• Open-Heart Surgery: entails the administration of general anesthesia to the patient and the creation of an incision through the breastbone to facilitate its access to the heart. The patient’s breathing and circulation are regulated by a heart-lung machine during the procedure, and the defect is closed by the physicians using either a patch or sutures.

• Catheter-Based Procedure: A minimally invasive option that involves the insertion of a thin tube (catheter) from the groin through a small incision and its passage through a blood vessel into the heart. After being positioned, a closure device (such as an umbrella-shaped patch) is guided through the catheter, expanded to cover the opening, secured in place, and eventually overgrown by the heart’s own tissue.

Benefits

• Reduced risk of complications like endocarditis, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension
• Prevention of long-term damage, like irreversible lung damage and arrhythmias
• Improved heart function
• Increased survival rates

Preview: Craniosynostosis primarily aims to reshape the skull and face for a more normal appearance, while ensuring the developing brain accommodates enough space to grow. Functionally, the separation of the fused bones alleviates harmful intracranial pressure and protects against severe long-term complications such as neurodevelopmental problems, seizures, or vision loss.

Surgical Steps

• Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery is typically performed on infants under six months, involving one or two small scalp incisions to insert an endoscope and remove the fused skull suture.
• The surgery may include implanting small springs with a custom-made molding helmet of the cranium for several months to gently guide the skull’s reshaping as the brain grows.

Benefits

• Relieves pressure on the brain
• Improves head shape and symmetry
• Promotes normal brain development
• Enhances quality of life
• Prevents long-term issues

Preview: An initial shunt placement diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to reduce high pressure, aiding neurological development and managing hydrocephalus symptoms. Shunt revision restores function after blockage, breakage, infection, or growth-related issues, correcting drainage problems. Both surgeries aim to control intracranial pressure, alleviating symptoms and preventing neurological damage.

Surgical Steps

• During shunt placement, the surgeon drills a small hole in the skull to guide the proximal catheter into a brain ventricle and then tunnels the distal catheter under the skin to a draining site, usually the abdomen.
• A pump and valve system is then connected to both catheters and placed under the scalp to regulate the cerebrospinal fluid flow, preventing either over- or under-drainage.
• Shunt revision involves either a partial replacement, where only the malfunctioning part, like the proximal catheter, distal catheter, or valve, is replaced, or a complete replacement of the entire system in case of severe malfunction.
• In cases of infection, the shunt is often temporarily removed and replaced with a new one only after the infection has been fully cleared.

Benefits

• Improved quality of life and overall health
• Alleviates symptoms such as mild dementia, vision problems, or bladder control issues
• Reduces pressure inside the skull
• Prevents neurological damage
• Restores functions by ensuring a continuous drainage of CSF
• Accommodate growth in children