Pyelonephritis, a type of urinary tract infection, is the inflammation of the kidneys caused by a bacterial infection. The infection usually starts in the urethra or bladder and spreads to the kidneys. Symptoms include fever, frequent urination, and back or groin...
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a minimally invasive spinal surgery used to treat damaged or degenerated spinal discs. Disc degeneration can be caused by age, genetic factors, trauma, or normal wear and tear, and it can result in severe pain,...
Liver cysts are noncancerous fluid-filled sacs that occur on the liver. Unless they become large enough to cause symptoms, they are typically asymptomatic. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that uses tiny incisions to gain access to the internal...
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a procedure used for individuals who are unable to undergo open cardiac surgery due to the risk of complications. It is a minimally invasive heart treatment used to replace an aortic valve that has thickened and cannot...
Rectal cancer is diagnosed when cancerous tumours are found in the rectum. Laparoscopic anterior resection is a minimally invasive surgery that is done to remove the cancerous part of the rectum. After the patient is sedated, the surgeon makes one or more incisions in...