24-hour pH impedance testing is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate acid and non-acid reflux in the oesophagus. The test measures the amount and frequency of acid and non-acid reflux and determines whether the reflux is causing symptoms or damage to the...
Cholelithiasis and splenomegaly are two conditions with shared underlying causes. Cholelithiasis is caused by gallstones in the gallbladder, a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver. Risk factors include age over 40, obesity, rapid weight loss, certain...
L5-S1 disc prolapse is a condition involving the intervertebral disc between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the first sacral vertebra (S1) in the lower spine. A prolapse occurs when the soft inner portion of the disc pushes through a tear in the tough outer layer...
Left Main Coronary Artery Disease (LMCAD) and Triple Vessel Disease (TVD) are serious conditions characterized by extensive coronary artery disease. Both conditions are caused by atherosclerosis, a process where plaque builds up inside coronary arteries, narrowing...
Empyema is a condition characterized by the accumulation of pus within the pleural space, which is the area between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall. It is often a complication of an existing infection, most commonly pneumonia. Causes include bacterial...