Multiple myeloma is a cancer involving abnormal plasma cells, which are crucial for the immune system. These cells multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow, producing a monoclonal antibody (M protein) with no useful function. The exact cause is not fully understood,...
Tracheal and bronchial stenosis is narrowing of the trachea and bronchi, causing obstruction to airflow. Causes include post-intubation, post-tracheostomy, infections, trauma, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and congenital tracheal stenosis. Symptoms include shortness of...
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a blood disorder characterized by the ineffective production of blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to a deficiency of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The exact cause is often unknown, but factors such as...
Chronic Type A Aortic dissection is a serious condition where a tear occurs in the inner layer of the aorta, the body’s largest artery, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, creating a false channel and potentially leading to...
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells responsible for producing antibodies. It is caused by age, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), radiation exposure, chemicals, and a family history of myeloma. The uncontrolled proliferation of myeloma...