Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, primarily due to impaired or dying neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for producing dopamine. The exact causes of PD are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute. Genetic mutations, exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals, and age are significant risk factors. PD can cause motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms may precede the onset of motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, mood disorders, cognitive changes, autonomic dysfunction, and loss of smell. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on a detailed medical history, neurological examination, and observation of characteristic motor symptoms. Imaging studies, such as MRI and CT scans, are typically used to rule out other neurological conditions. DaTscan, a specialized imaging technique, can visualize dopamine transporters in the brain and help confirm the diagnosis, particularly in early stages or atypical cases.
Parkinson’s disease treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life, with levodopa being the first line of treatment. However, as the disease progresses, medication efficacy may decline, and side effects like dyskinesias may occur. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery may be considered, implanting electrodes into specific brain regions and connecting them to a pulse generator. DBS can significantly improve motor function, reduce medication requirements, and enhance independence and well-being. Careful patient selection and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for successful DBS outcomes, as there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease.
Mr. Sunku Prathap Reddy from Khammam successfully underwent DBS Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. Rupam Borgohain, Dr. Rajesh Alugolu, Sr. Consultant Neurosurgeon-PDMDRC, Clinical Director-PDMDRC.
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