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What is LASIK Surgery ?

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis) stands out as a leading-edge surgical method for correcting vision issues such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. This procedure involves using a highly precise laser to reshape the cornea, ensuring accuracy down to the micron level.

The ideal age for getting lasik eye surgery is over 18 years old with stable vision (no change in prescription) for at least a year and not associated with any other structural abnormalities within the eye. Those who often choose LASIK include individuals who find glasses inconvenient, have trouble with contact lenses, or desire clear vision for activities like sports or specific professions.

Types of Laser Eye Surgery

PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)

In this procedure, instead of creating a flap in the cornea (as in LASIK), the outer layer of the cornea (epithelium) is completely removed. This allows the laser to reshape the cornea to correct the refractive error. The epithelium naturally regenerates after a few days. PRK is typically recommended for patients with thin corneas or other corneal issues that may make LASIK unsuitable. It may also be preferred for individuals who engage in contact sports or have jobs that pose a risk of eye injury, as there is no corneal flap that could potentially be dislodged.

LASIK, or Laser-Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis (flap based )

It is a highly popular vision correction procedure. It involves creating a flap (typically 100–120 microns thick) in the surface layer of the cornea. There are two methods for creating this flap:

- Microkeratome: This involves using a small, specialised blade to create the flap at a precise depth. This method is known as blade LASIK.
- Femtosecond Laser (wavelength 1053 nm): This specialised laser creates a flap at the desired depth with high precision. It requires a separate machine from the excimer laser used in the procedure. This method is known as Femto-LASIK.
  After the flap is created using either method, it is lifted, and the underlying corneal bed is reshaped using an excimer laser (the same laser used in PRK). Finally, the flap is repositioned, and the patient is discharged with appropriate medication.

ReLEx SMILE

ReLEx SMILE (Refractive Lenticule Extraction, Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) is a minimally invasive form of refractive surgery used to correct myopia (nearsightedness) and astigmatism. Unlike traditional LASIK, which creates a flap in the cornea, ReLEx SMILE uses a femtosecond laser to create a thin, disc-shaped lenticule within the cornea. This lenticule is then removed through a small incision, reshaping the cornea and correcting the refractive error.

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LASIK Procedure: Steps & Duration

Anaesthetic eye drops are applied to numb the eye, ensuring the patient’s comfort throughout the procedure.
A special instrument called a lid speculum is used to hold the eyelids open, and prevent blinking.
A suction ring is placed on the eye to create pressure and stabilize it during the procedure. This may cause temporary dimming or distortion of vision.
Using either a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser, a thin flap is created in the outer layer of the cornea (epithelium).
The choice of instrument depends on the specific technique used by the surgeon (traditional LASIK vs. bladeless LASIK).
The flap is lifted, revealing the underlying corneal tissue.
An excimer laser is used to reshape the cornea by removing microscopic amounts of tissue. The laser is guided by a computer, which is programmed with the patient’s specific vision correction requirements.
The corneal flap is then repositioned back into place, where it adheres naturally without the need for stitches.
The entire procedure typically takes about 15-30 minutes per eye.

Recovery after a LASIK Treatment

After LASIK, some discomfort or blurred vision for a few hours is common.
It may take a few days to weeks for the vision to improve following the procedure.
Follow-up appointments with the eye surgeon are scheduled to monitor healing and ensure optimal visual outcomes.

Benefits of LASIK Eye Surgery

Zero Stiches and Scars
Most Precise Correction
Less than 2 mm incisions
Completely Blade-Free Technique
Faster Healing and Recovery
Complete Freedom from Eyeglasses

Comparison Between Various Types of LASIK

Surgery	LASIK	PRK	Femto LASIK	SMILE	Contoura Vision
Visual Recovery	Quick recovery	Slow recovery	Quicker recovery	Quick recovery (within a few hours)	Quicker recovery (within a few hours)
Duration of Surgery	10-15 minutes	10-15 minutes	10-15 minutes	10-15 minutes	10-15 minutes
Technology	Excimer and Femtosecond laser	Excimer laser	Femtosecond laser	Femtosecond laser	Femtosecond and excimer lasers, and topolyser
Dry Eyes	Mild to Moderate	Mild	Moderate	Mild	Mild to Moderate
Recovery	1-2 weeks	2-3 weeks	1-2 weeks	1-2 weeks	1-2 weeks

Selecting the ideal LASIK surgery for an individual depends on several factors. An ophthalmologist who specialises in LASIK surgery will evaluate the eyes and determine if you are a suitable candidate for LASIK. Find Lasik Eye Surgery cost from our experts.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, LASIK surgery is considered safe for the majority of patients who undergo the procedure. However, like any surgery, there are potential risks and side effects, which can be minimised by choosing a skilled surgeon and following pre- and post-operative care instructions.

During laser eye surgery, anaesthetic eye drops are applied, the eyelids are held open, a flap is created on the outer cornea layer, the corneal tissue is reshaped using a laser, the flap is repositioned, and finally, the eye is shielded with a sterile dressing for protection.

Laser eye surgery, such as LASIK, typically takes about 10 to 15 minutes per eye. However, the entire process, including preparation and post-operative care instructions, may take a few hours. It is often scheduled as initial preoperative evaluation and actual procedure day.

LASIK surgery is considered to be a permanent procedure for the correction of common vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. However very rarely a change in the eye sight may be noticed in few patients and hence it is advised to get periodic eye examination to evaluate the same.

Yes, LASIK can be done more than once, to enhance or correct the vision. This may be necessary if the initial LASIK surgery was not successful in fully correcting the your vision or if the vision has changed significantly since the first procedure

Yes, LASIK surgery can effectively correct myopia (nearsightedness) by reshaping the cornea to improve the way light is focused on the retina, thus reducing or eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses for most patients.

LASIK surgery does not change the colour of your eyes. The procedure involves reshaping the cornea to correct vision, but it does not alter the pigmentation or colour of the iris.

Some patients may experience mild discomfort, such as a gritty sensation or mild irritation, but this typically resolves within a day or two. Most patients do not report significant pain during or after the procedure.

The cost of LASIK treatment depends upon the type of LASIK being used, the infrastructure of the hospital and requirement of any additional procedures during the surgery to obtain an optimal vision correction

LASIK surgery is considered to be highly successful in correcting vision for the majority of patients. About 98% of patients achieve their desired vision correction after LASIK eye surgery.