Dysbiosis to Relief: Gut Bacteria’s Role in Conquering Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Dr. Naveen Polavarapu, Senior Consultant, Medical Gastroenterologist, Liver Specialist. Lead Advanced Endoscopic Interventions & Training, Clinical Director, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad  shares insights on Millions of people worldwide suffer from Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. IBD causes chronic inflammation, tiredness, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance in the gut microbiome where dangerous bacteria outnumber helpful ones, is the fundamental cause of immunological overreactions and damage to the gut barrier.

The gut is home to trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that control immunity, preserve digestive health, and even affect mood through the gut-brain axis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate are produced by a variety of microorganisms in healthy people, including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. These SCFAs nourish colon cells and reduce inflammation. This balance is upset by dysbiosis: research indicates that IBD patients have less microbial diversity, with pro-inflammatory species like Escherichia coli increasing and anti-inflammatory species decreasing.

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