Isibhedlela Samathambo Esihle Kakhulu eHyderabad, eNdiya

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-ACL kuhlose ukubuyisela ukuqina kwedolo nokubuyisa amandla aphelele kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza ngokwakha kabusha i-ligament ye-ACL edabukile, ekugcineni okuvumela isiguli ukuthi sibuyele emisebenzini yaso evamile.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Iziguli zidinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ukuze kuhlolwe ubukhulu nobukhali bokulimala kwe-ACL.
• I-ACL eyonakele ithathelwa indawo yi-graft (ucezu lwe-tendon oluvela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba) oluxhunywe ethanjeni ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uncoma izikhathi zokuzivocavoca ngemva kokuhlinzwa izinsuku ezingu-7-14 ezizayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza okuvamile futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokulimala okuqhubekayo.

Izinzuzo:

• Kuthuthukisa ububanzi bokunyakaza nokuguquguquka
• Ibuyisela ukuqina kwamadolo nokusebenza kwawo
• Yehlisa ubuhlungu bamadolo nokuvuvukala
• Kuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo kwedolo kanye nokuwohloka

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukwakhiwa Kabusha kwe-ACL

Ukubuka kuqala: Inhloso yokuhlinzwa kwe-arthroplasty ukubhekana nomonakalo wamalunga futhi ihlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokubuyisela ukusebenza kwamalunga, okuzogcina kuwenze akwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Xoxa ngemigomo ye-arthroplasty evela kuchwepheshe we-orthopaedic ngokuxoxa ngemininingwane yenqubo, izingozi zangaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kanye nezinhlobo nezingozi ze-anesthesia.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-arthroplasty, odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukufinyelela amalunga, ukususa izicubu ezonakele, ukubeka endaweni efanele nokubopha izimila, nokulungisa nokuthunga.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuhilela ukuhlala esibhedlela okokuqala ngokuqapha ngokushesha, izinyanga ezimbalwa zokunakekelwa nokululama ebuhlungwini, kanye nokwenza kube lula uhlelo lokuvuselela.

Izinzuzo:

• Kuqeda ubuhlungu obungapheli bamalunga ngokuphawulekayo
• Yenza ukuhamba, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, neminye imisebenzi kube lula
• I-prosthesis yesikhathi eside evumela uhla oluthuthukisiwe lokunyakaza

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Arthroplasty

Ukubuka kuqala: I-ACDF ukuhlinzwa komgogodla wesibeletho okwenziwa ukunciphisa ingcindezi kuma-spinal disc kanye nezimpande zemizwa entanyeni, kanye nokunciphisa ukungazweli, ubuthakathaka, kanye nemizwa yokuthamba. Ngokuvamile kunconywa kuma-herniated disc kanye nezinye izifo eziwohlokayo.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Wenza izivivinyo zezokwelapha, abukeze imithi kadokotela, asikisele izifundo zezithombe, asikisele ukugwema utshwala nogwayi, futhi anciphise imithi ethile.
• Dala ukusika okuncane ukuze ususe ithambo noma ama-spurs alimele, faka indandatho egcwele amathambo esikhundleni sama-disc, unamathisele uhlaka lwensimbi oluzinzayo, bese uvala ukusika.
• Ukululama kokuqala kuhilela ukuqapha, ukuthatha imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela, kanye nokwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca. Isigaba esilandelayo sokululama sinikeza ukuphumula okwanele kanye nokunakekelwa njalo kwenxeba lapho kugawulwa.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwemisipha kanye nobuhlungu obuvela ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Kuthuthukisa ukuhamba, kunikeza impilo engcono
• Ukuhlinzwa okuncane okuhlaselayo okungekho gazi eliningi noma okungekho gazi elilahlekile
• Ibuyisela i-lordosis

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Anterior Cervical Discectomy & Fusion (ACDF)

Ukubuka kuqala: Inhloso eyinhloko kanye nenhloso yokulungiswa kwamalunga e-AC nge-arthroscopic iwukuzinzisa ilunga ngemva kokuhlukana noma ukuhlukana kwalo kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuphulukiswa kwemisipha nezicubu ezilimele.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kuhlanganisa ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha, ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokwenza izithombe ukuze kuhlolwe ubukhulu bokulimala.
• Isiguli sihlinzwa ngokubulala izinzwa okujwayelekile, bese kwenziwa imicu emincane eduze kwejoyinti le-AC, kulandele ukufakwa kwe-arthroscope nezinye izinto zokuhlinza.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uqinisa imisipha ngokusebenzisa ama-suture, ama-screw, noma ama-clamp.
• Iziguli ziqashwa kuqala kuze kube yilapho zivuka emiphumeleni yokuhlinzwa kokubulala izinzwa futhi zithola imiyalelo ephelele yokukhishwa kanye neziqondiso zemisebenzi elinganiselwe kanye nokuphathwa kobuhlungu.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuhamba kahle kwamahlombe nokusebenza kahle ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukululama okusheshayo ngokubuyela emisebenzini ngokushesha
• Ubuhlungu obuncane ngenxa yendlela engangenisi kakhulu
• Ingozi ephansi yokutheleleka ngokuphazamiseka kwezicubu okuncishisiwe

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukulungiswa Kwamalunga E-AC E-Arthroscopic

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukulungiswa kwe-meniscus ye-arthroscopic kwenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza kwemvelo kwedolo kanye nokuqina kwalo ngokubhekana nokubuyiselwa kanye nokulondolozwa kwe-meniscus edabukile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa i-meniscus nge-arthroscopic kusebenzisa izindlela ze-arthroscopic ezingangenisi kakhulu ezisebenzisa ukusikwa okuncane ukulungisa ukudabuka nge-sutures noma ama-anchor.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuholela ekususweni kwe-cartilage eyonakele, okuvame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya ehoreni, kuye ngokuthi isimo sinzima kangakanani kanye nendlela yokuhlinzwa.
• Isiguli siqashwa ngokushesha, sithola ukunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi sihlanganyela ekwelashweni ngokomzimba ukuze silulame.

Izinzuzo:

• Yehlisa ubuhlungu bedolo
• Ibuyisela ukusebenza kwamadolo kanye nokuqina kwawo
• Kwenza kube lula ukubuyela ngokushesha kwezemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi yomzimba

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukulungiswa Kwe-Meniscus Ye-Arthroscopic

Ukubuka kuqala: I-Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) ivame ukwelapha ukulimala kwamathambo njengokulimala okukhulu kwe-osteoarthritis, ukulimala kwe-ligament kanye ne-tendon, kanye nezinye izimo ezibambezela inqubo yokuphulukisa yemvelo yomzimba. Le nqubo isebenzisa isisombululo esihlanganisiwe samaseli okuqala akhishwe emnkantsheni ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuselelwa kulezo zindawo ezilimele futhi kuncishiswe ubuhlungu.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo wahlola noma yiziphi izinkinga zokopha ezikhona, ukungezwani nemithi, kanye nokukhetha indlela yokuphila njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwendawo kwaqeda izinhlungu emhlane ongezansi, kwathathwa isampula encane ye-bone marrow aspirate ethanjeni lenqulu. Isampula yafakwa i-centrifuge, kwathi amaseli okuqala aphulukisiwe, agxile ezintweni ezikhulisayo, afakwa endaweni yokwelashwa.
• Ubuhlungu besikhashana kanye nokuvuvukala endaweni ephathwayo kungase kwenzeke, futhi ukuphulukiswa kungathatha amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni.

Izinzuzo:

• Ayihlaseli kakhulu futhi iphephile
• Yehlisa ubungozi bezinkinga
• Nciphisa ukungakhululeki nokuvuvukala
• Ukululama okusheshayo ezicutshini ezithambile ezonakele

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I- Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC)

Ukubuka kuqala: I-Carpal tunnel syndrome ithinta i-median nerve, elawula ukunyakaza kwengalo kanye nemizwa eminweni nasezintendeni zezandla ngaphakathi kwendlela yamathambo, equkethe imisipha kanye nemisipha. Ku-CTS, lokhu okuqukethwe kuyacindezelwa bese kubeka ingcindezi emhubheni we-carpal. Abantu abane-arthritis, ukuphuka kwesandla, ama-cyst ezandla, noma abakhulelwe bangadinga ukwelashwa kwe-CTS, okungaba mnene, okuphakathi, noma okunzima.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Uchwepheshe angase akuxilonge ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe bese eqala ukwelashwa ngezindlela ezingezona ezokuhlinzwa. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, kunconywa ukuhlinzwa.
• Indlela engahlinzwa ihlanganisa ukubopha ama-splint, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuma, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, kodwa indlela ye-endoscopic isetshenziswa uma lokhu kwehluleka.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokukhululwa komhubhe we-carpal, iziguli zingase zizwe ukuqina okuncane, ubuhlungu, kanye nokungakhululeki futhi zigqoke ama-braces amasonto ambalwa. Ukululama okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga ezifika kwezi-3-4.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuhlasela okuncane
• Ingozi ephansi yokutheleleka kanye nokulimala
• Ukululama ngokushesha
• Ivumela isiguli ukuthi senze imisebenzi yaso yansuku zonke kalula nangokusebenza kahle

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukukhululwa kwe-contracture kulungisa ukuqina kanye nokuncipha kokuhamba okubangelwa izinguquko zesakhiwo ezicutshini ezithambile nezixhumene (ngokuvamile ngenxa yokusha, okubangela izibazi kanye ne-fibrosis) ngokukhulula isikhumba esiqinile, imisipha, kanye namalunga.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Odokotela abahlinzayo benza ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi banikeze ama-antibiotic okuvimbela amanxeba avulekile kusenesikhathi, futhi bangase banciphise imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela futhi bafundise ukuzila ukudla okufushane.
• Ngokufakwa kwesikhashana, izicubu ezinezibazi ziyasuswa, bese kugcinwa izimbobo zesikhumba ezinempilo noma izingcezu ezifakwe esikhumbeni endaweni yazo.
• bese uzishintsha ngezimbobo zesikhumba ezinempilo, izingcezu zokufakelwa, noma ukwelula imisipha.
• Ukuhlala esibhedlela kuyahlukahluka kusukela ezinsukwini kuya emavikini kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani kanye nendlela yokwelashwa, kodwa ukululama okuphelele kungase kuthathe izinyanga.

Izinzuzo:

• Kuthuthukisa ubuhle bendawo eyayinezibazi ngaphambili.
• Kuqeda ubuhlungu ngokushesha
• Ibuyisela imisebenzi yokuncinza nokubamba uma kwenzeka ukugoba kwesandla
• Kungathuthukisa ukuzethemba

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukukhishwa Kwenkontileka

Ukubuka kuqala: Ngokungafani nokufakwa kwe-hip okuphelele, i-hemiarthroplasty noma ukufakwa kwe-hip okungaphelele kuthatha indawo yekhanda le-femoral kuphela, kuthatha isikhathi esincane ukwenza ukuhlinzwa, futhi kunikeza ukululama okusheshayo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthandwa kubantu abadala nabangasebenzi kahle abanezimpaphe ze-femoral kanye nengozi ephezulu ye-avascular necrosis.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ochwepheshe benza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-ECG, kanye nezithombe ukuze bahlole impilo futhi bathole izifo ezingaphansi.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo ufinyelela ezinqeni, asuse ikhanda le-femoral elonakele, afake isiqu sokufakelwa kanye nekhanda ngemva kokulungiswa kwesilingo, ahlole isikhala samalunga azungezile, bese evala i-incision.
• Ukuphila kweziguli kuyaqashwa, futhi zikhishwa ngemithi yobuhlungu kanye nesiqondiso sokuphatha. Ekuqaleni, kuqala ngokwelashwa ngokomzimba kwamasonto ayisithupha.
• Amaviki ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12 okuthuthukiswa kokuhamba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba okuqhubekayo kudinga izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-6 ukuze kutholakale ukululama okuphelele, kuye ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nezinye izinto ezibangela lokho.

Izinzuzo:

• Ingozi encishisiwe yokuphuma endaweni ethile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhamba
• Kuqeda ubuhlungu besikhathi eside futhi kunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu
• Inqubo ephephile nephumelelayo enokulaliswa esibhedlela okuncane
• Kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Hemiarthroplasty

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuhlinzwa kwe-humerus plating kuwukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa okuvulekile kanye nokulungisa kwangaphakathi (i-ORIF) okuhlose ukuzinzisa ukuphuka kwezingalo ezingaphezulu ngamapuleti e-titanium asetshenziswa njalo ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokuhamba okulinganiselwe, nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa okufanele. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi kubantu abalimele kwezemidlalo, izisulu zezingozi, noma imisebenzi ephindaphindayo emathanjeni abuthaka, ekugcineni kubuyisela ukusebenza.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Uchwepheshe uhlola ukwaphuka ngokwenza izivivinyo zezithombe ezifana ne-X-ray, i-CT, kanye ne-MRI scans ukuze ahlole ukwaphuka. Isiguli kumele sigweme izinto zokunciphisa igazi nokuzila ukudla.
• Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukusikwa okuncane okuningana ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ukunciphisa ithambo eliphukile, bese liqiniswa ngamapuleti ensimbi nezikulufo ngaphambi kokuba ukusikwa kuvalwe nge-sutures.
• Isikhathi sokululama singahluka kuye wonke umuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile isikhathi sokululama sisukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuhlasela okuncane
• Iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamathambo ngendlela efanele
• Nciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Ibuyisela ukuhamba kwezingalo nokusebenza kwazo

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Humerus Plating

Ukubuka kuqala: I-Hydrodilatation iwumjovo we-corticosteroids kanye ne-saline ohlose ukwelapha ihlombe eliqandisiwe ngokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma ukuqina ukuze ukunyakaza okuvamile kwamalunga kuphinde kutholakale.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo angase avimbele iziguli emithini yangaphambilini futhi azitshele ukuthi zizile ukudla amahora ayisithupha ngaphambi kwalokho. Ama-X-ray kanye nodayi wokuqhathanisa endaweni yokwelashwa ukuze kutholakale isiqondiso, kanye nokwelapha i-anesthesia yendawo, ama-corticosteroids, kanye ne-saline, kuphula ukunamathela, kuthuthukisa ukunyakaza, futhi kwandise ilunga.
• Ngokuvamile inqubo emfushane yokulaliswa esibhedlela enamasonto angu-4-6 okululama kokuqala okubandakanya ukunikezwa imithi kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba ngenkathi kugwenywa imisebenzi enzima nokushayela.

Izinzuzo:

• Ingabizi kakhulu futhi ingabizi kakhulu futhi inezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo
• Ubuhlungu obuncishisiwe emalungeni ehlombe
• Ibanga elithuthukisiwe lokunyakaza
• Ukuhlasela okuncane

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukwanda Kwe-Hydrodilation

Ukubuka kuqala: I-knee arthroscopy iwukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu okusebenzisa ikhamera encane ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga ezahlukene zedolo, njengokulimala kwe-meniscus edabukile kanye ne-ligament. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunconywa kubantu abanezindlela ezingaphumeleli zokuhlinzwa, futhi izindlela ziyashintsha kusuka kumuntu ngamunye kuya kumuntu ngamunye.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Iziguli zenziwa ukuhlolwa kwempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-EKG, kulandelwe ukuzinza kanye nokubulala idolo ukuze kutholakale futhi kwelashwe ukulimala kusetshenziswa i-arthroscope ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa okufana nokulungiswa kwezicubu, ukususwa kwamathambo, ukubhekana nokuvuvukala, kanye nokuvalwa kwesilonda.
• I-arthroscopy yamadolo inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela enezikhathi zokululama ezihluka kakhulu. Ukuphathwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuhilela umhlahlandlela wokuphathwa kobuhlungu, ukuphumula okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kweqhwa.
• Odokotela abahlinzayo batusa nokwelashwa ngokomzimba amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngokuthi inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo wedolo.

Izinzuzo:

• Akukho ukulahleka kwegazi
• Ukululama ngokushesha
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela okuncane
• Ukuvumelana nezimo okukhulu

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Knee Arthroscopy

Ukubuka kuqala: I-Laminectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa odokotela abahlinza amathambo ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi emgogodleni, emaphakathi nangaphansi komhlane. Inhloso yayo ukufeza ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka ngokususa ingxenye yethambo lomgogodla nokwelapha izimo ezinjengokukhubazeka, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, izimila, i-stenosis, nama-disc aqhekekile.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo ubuyekeza umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nezithombe, futhi axoxe ngezingozi, izinzuzo, okulindelwe ukululama, kanye nemithi kadokotela.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza isinqumo ngaphansi kokuhlinzwa okuvamile, ahlukanise imisipha kumathambo omgogodla, bese esusa ingxenye yomgogodla.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kudinga usuku noma ngaphezulu, kulandelwe uhlelo lokululama oluqondene nawe.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngokushesha
• Ukuhamba okwenziwe ngcono
• Ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwezinzwa
• Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzinza komgogodla

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Laminectomy

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukukhala kwemisipha kungasukela ekuqhekekeni okuncane okungadingi ukuhlinzwa kuya ekuqhekekeni okukhulu okudinga futhi okuvame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa njenge-arthroscopy kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa oludingekayo luncike ekutheni ukudabuka kubi kangakanani nokuthi kukuphi.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela wamathambo ongcono kakhulu eHyderabad usebenza ngekhamera efakwe emalungeni ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ukuze abuke futhi alungise ukukhala okuncane. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kabusha kushintsha ukukhala okukhulu ngokufakelwa.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungadinga usuku noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani kanye nokululama komuntu ngokuphathwa kobuhlungu okuqondiswayo kanye nodokotela.
• Ukululama okuphelele kuthatha isonto lonke kuya onyakeni, ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni ukuhlinzwa kanye nobukhulu bokudabuka.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela okuncane
• Ukululama ngokushesha
• Ukuqina kwamalunga okuthuthukisiwe
• Akukho ukulahleka kwegazi

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukulungiswa Kwezinyembezi Ze-Ligament

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukulimala kwe-MCL kuvame ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyakaza okukhulu kwangaphakathi kwe-tibia lapho kuphoqwa amandla abheke ohlangothini lwangaphandle lwedolo.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukusikwa okuncane kuvumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi afinyelele ukulimala kwe-MCL kanye nomonakalo ozungezile ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa noma ukululama. Ku-MCL elungisekayo, i-ligament inamathele ethanjeni ngosizo lwedivayisi yokuqinisa, kulandelwe ukuvala ukusikwa kanye nokubopha.
• Ku-MCL yokwakha kabusha, udokotela ohlinzayo udala imigudu ethanjeni lethanga (i-femur) kanye nethambo lomlenze ongezansi (i-tibia) ukuze kufakwe i-graft futhi kuqiniswe emathanjeni esebenzisa izikulufo kanye nezisekelo.
• Ukululama kuncike ebunzimeni bokuhlinzwa, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwe, kanye nezici zomuntu siqu.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kuqala ezigabeni zokuqala zokululama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza futhi kubuyiselwe ukuqina, kamuva kuthuthukiswe amandla, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokusebenza. Nokho, ukululama kokugcina kungathatha izinyanga eziningana.

Izinzuzo:

• Isu elincane elihlaselayo
• Ukululama okusheshayo nokuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esifushane
• Ukusikwa okuncane kanye nezibazi ezimbalwa
• Ubuhlungu obuncane ngemva kokuhlinzwa

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-PCL, noma ukulungiswa kwe-PCL, kuhlose ukubuyisela ukuzinza nokusebenza kwedolo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nemisipha edabukile kanye nokungazinzi futhi kuhlose ukunciphisa izinkinga.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa ze-PCL zihilela ukulungisa noma ukwakha kabusha i-ligament eyonakele ngokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile noma izindlela ezingangenisi kakhulu njenge-arthroscopy.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uhlola ukulimala, alungise/aphinde akhe kabusha esebenzisa i-self-autografts noma i-donor allografts, avale izimbobo, futhi aqinise idolo.
• Ukululama kuhilela ukulandelela ama-aphoyintimenti, ukuhlola ububanzi bokunyakaza, kanye nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka noma amahlule egazi. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kumema amandla, ukuzinza, kanye nokusebenza edolweni, kanti imisebenzi enzima nelinganiselwe incishiswa ngokusekelwe entuthukweni yesiguli.

Izinzuzo:

• Ibuyisela ukuqina kwamadolo
• Iqeda ubuhlungu
• Kusiza ukubuyela kwezemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi yomzimba
• Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamadolo kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuzinameka kwe-proximal femoral kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa nokulungisa ama-femur aphukile. Ukuphuka kwe-hip kuvamile kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngenxa yezici ezifana ne-osteoporosis noma ukuphuka kwethambo okungajwayelekile.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ithambo lethanga (i-femur) lifinyelelwa ngokubhoboza imbobo encane esinqeni ukuze kufakwe uzipho lwe-proximal femur kusetshenziswa i-fluoroscopy.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uvikela izingcezu zamathambo ngokuzibamba endaweni yazo ngezikulufo ezidlula ezinzipho.
• Ukululama kokuqala kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni, kanti isikhathi sokugcina sokululama sithatha amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuhlasela okuncane
• Kubuyisela ukuqina kwamathambo
• Ithuthukisa ukuhamba
• Ukulahlekelwa igazi okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuzinamela Kwesifazane Esiseduze (PFN)

Ukubuka kuqala: I-arthroscopy yamahlombe ihlose ukuhlanganisa kabusha i-tendon edabukile ngosizo lokubambelela ethanjeni ukuze kuvunyelwe imisipha ukuthi isebenze kahle futhi. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa odokotela abahlinzayo ukwelapha izinkinga zesakhiwo ezihlobene namathambo ezibangela ubuhlungu, ukungazinzi, noma okunye ukungasebenzi kahle.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• I-arthroscopy yamahlombe iyindlela engavamile kakhulu esebenzisa ikhamera ukuze ibone indawo yokwelapha kanye nezinye izinto ezikhethekile ukulungisa noma ukubopha kabusha ama-rotator cuffs aklebhukile ethanjeni ngokwenza izimbobo ezincane bese kususwa izicubu ezonakele kuqala.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli sivame ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokuqina futhi singadinga ngisho nokwelashwa nge-sling kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba bese siqala ukuvivinya umzimba okwengeziwe, kulandelwe uhlelo lokuvuselela.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu kuncishiswe kakhulu
• Ingozi encishisiwe yokutheleleka
• Izikhathi zokutakula ezimfushane
• Ukuhlasela okuncane

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Arthroscopy Yehlombe

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ukucindezeleka komgogodla kuhlose ukunciphisa ingcindezi emgogodleni kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo okubangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-spinal stenosis kanye nama-disc e-herniated ngokususwa njalo kwezinto zethambo noma ze-disc. Amasu okususa ukucindezeleka komgogodla ahilela i-laminectomy, i-foraminotomy, i-microdiscectomy, kanye ne-spinal fusion.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa ukucindezeleka komgogodla kuhlose ukunciphisa ingcindezi emgogodleni kanye nokuqukethwe kwawo okubangelwa yizimo, njenge-spinal stenosis kanye nama-disc e-herniated, ngokususwa njalo kwezinto zethambo noma ze-disc.
• Ithimba liqapha isiguli ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze libone izimpawu ezibalulekile kanye nezingozi zezinkinga. Bayalwa ukuba bahlale esibhedlela, kulandelwe imiyalelo kadokotela ohlinzayo yokulawula ubuhlungu kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza.

Izinzuzo:

• Kuthuthukisa impilo yomgogodla yesikhathi eside.
• Isekela ukuhambisana kahle futhi ithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi
• Isakhiwo somgogodla esiqinile
• Kunciphisa ingozi yanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka esikhathini esizayo

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukunciphisa Umgogodla

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuqina komgogodla inqubo yokuhlinzwa engangenisi kakhulu eqinisa ingxenye yamathambo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo njengezingcwecwe, izikulufo, nezinduku futhi ifinyelela umphumela ofanayo nokuhlinzwa okuvamile kusetshenziswa ukusikwa okuncane.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane ukuze kufinyelelwe emgogodleni, kususwe imisipha eceleni bese kuvezwa amathambo aqondiwe. Kufakwa ithambo elifakwe kuwe noma kumnikeli ukuze kube lula ukuhlangana.
• Kufakwa insimbi enamathiselwe ukuze kuqiniswe amathambo omgogodla, kulandelwe ukuvalwa ngokucophelela nge-sutures.

Izinzuzo:

• Nikeza ukuzinza okwengeziwe emgogodleni
• Siza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuma komgogodla
• Kusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuqina Komgogodla

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukufakelwa kwedolo okuphelele, noma i-knee arthroplasty, kusebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi nepulasitiki ukuvuselela izifo eziwohlokayo nezivuvukalayo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-knee arthritis, ubuhlungu obuvela ku-osteoarthritis, kanye neminye imonakalo yamalunga. Ngokuvamile ihlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obungacabangeki ngokulungiswa kwejoyinti ledolo elonakele. I-TKR inconywa ezigulini ezinomonakalo wamalunga obanzi obangela ukuqina, ukuhamba okulinganiselwe, kanye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo enokulimala kwendawo okwenziwa ngamasu avulekile, angangeni kakhulu, noma asekelwe yirobhothi.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa uqwanga namathambo alimele ngemva kokunikeza i-anesthesia bese efaka ijoyinti ledolo lokufakelwa kanye ne-kneecap ephinde yakhiwa.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli ziyaqashelwa kanye nomkhawulo wobuhlungu kanye nokululama kokuqala.
• Ukululama okuphelele ku-TKR kungathatha unyaka, yize inqubo yesiguli iqala kabusha ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha, kuye ngobudala baso, impilo iyonke, kanye namazinga omsebenzi.

Izinzuzo:

• Nikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu
• Kuqeda ubuhlungu besikhathi eside futhi kwandisa ukuhambahamba
• Inqubo ephephile ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukufakwa Kwedolo Eliphelele (TKR)

Ukubuka kuqala: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwelapha ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane nasemilenzeni obuvela kwisifo sediski esiwohlokayo ngokususa idiski nokuhlanganisa amathambo omgogodla. I-TLIF inconywa kubantu abanokukhubazeka komgogodla noma ubuhlungu obungaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ubuhlungu obubangelwa yizimo ezifana ne-spondylolisthesis, isifo sediski esiwohlokayo, idiski ye-herniated, i-lumbar radiculopathy, i-sciatica, i-scoliosis, kanye nokuphuka kwamathambo omgogodla.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ngaphambi kokulungiswa komgogodla, udokotela ohlinzayo unikeza isiguli i-anesthesia simi siqonde. Kusikwa okuncane esikhumbeni ukuze kufinyelelwe emgogodleni, lapho imisipha isuswa khona ukuze kwembulwe amathambo adinga ukuhlanganiswa.
• I-autograft yethambo noma i-allograft ibekwa phakathi kwamathambo omgogodla, kulandelwe ukuvalwa kwe-incision ngokusebenzisa izitishi.
• Nakuba ukululama kokuqala kuqala ngokuhlala esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana, ukululama okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga eziningana.
• Okwamanje, kunikezwa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu bangemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, okuvumela inqubo evamile ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe komhlane ongezansi kanye nomlenze kanye namandla okuzijabulisa
• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu emilenzeni, ubuhlungu emhlane, kanye nemithi
• Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka komgogodla

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF)

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukufakelwa kwamathambo inqubo yokuhlinzwa esebenzisa ithambo elifakwe kwenye indawo, elivame ukuthathwa ezinqeni, ezimbanjeni, noma emilenzeni, ukulungisa amathambo agulayo noma alimele emzimbeni. Uma ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwamathambo kudinga ukulungiswa noma ukuthuthukiswa, ukulungiswa nokubekwa kokufakelwa kwamathambo kusetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo noma ukwehluleka kokuhambisana nokulungisa amaphutha esikhathi esidlule ngokuthuthukisa ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukubulala izinzwa kunciphisa ukungakhululeki ngokwenza kube lula ukubekwa kwethambo elihlanganisiwe, eliqiniswe ngezicubu ezivuniwe, phakathi kwamathambo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula ngokusikwa okuncane. Ukusikwa kuyavalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile.
• Iziguli ziqashwe kuze kube yilapho sezizinzile futhi zithola imiyalelo yangemva kokuhlinzwa yokulawula ubuhlungu, ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba, kanye nokuzivocavoca kokulungisa.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uqapha ukuphulukiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-graft futhi ubheka noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kanye nokwenqatshwa.

Izinzuzo:

• Kuthuthukisa ubuqotho besakhiwo
• Ibuyisela ukusebenza kwamathambo
• Yehlisa ubuhlungu bamathambo

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukufakelwa Kwamathambo

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuncipha kwe-core kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo ukuvimbela ukuwa kwamalunga futhi kuhlose ukuvimba ukubhujiswa kwamathambo okuqhubekayo. Kubonakala kakhulu ezimweni ze-osteonecrosis (i-avascular necrosis).

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ngokusebenzisa i-arthroscopy encane kakhulu esebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile anekhamera.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo udala imigudu eyinhloko ngekhanda lesinqe ngaphambi kokuba izimbobo zivalwe ngemithungo.
• Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okuyinhloko kusungula imigudu emisha yokugeleza kwegazi kodwa ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukululama ngokugcwele futhi kusekela ukululama kokuqala ngezinduku zokusibekela amasonto ayi-6-12, kuye ngokuthi i-AVN ingakanani.

Izinzuzo:

• Ubuhlungu obuncane
• Ukululama ngokushesha
• Izinkinga ezincishisiwe
• Kuqeda isidingo sokufakwa esikhundleni sezinqe ngokuphelele ezigulini ezisencane

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukususwa Kwe-Core

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuhlinzwa kokushintsha i-hip kuhlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokubuyisela ukusebenza kwe-hip eyonakele ngokufaka izingxenye zayo endaweni yokwenziwa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinganikezi imiphumela.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo usika inqulu futhi asuse izingxenye zamalunga ezilimele, bese ezifaka izifakelo zokufakelwa ezisekelwe endleleni yokuhlinzwa eyenzelwe wena.
• Ukunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuhilela imithi yobuhlungu enqunyiwe kanye nemiyalelo eningiliziwe yokunakekelwa kwamanxeba. Ukululama kokuqala kokufakelwa inqulu kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ngokunyakaza kancane kancane nemisebenzi yasekhaya kubalulekile ekwelapheni, kanye nokulandelela ukuqapha inqubekela phambili.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuqeda ubuhlungu nokuqina okuncishisiwe
• Ukulungiswa kwamalunga okuthuthukisiwe
• Ihambisa ukunyakaza kwemvelo ezinqeni

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukufakwa Kwe-Hip

Ukubuka kuqala: I-Kyphoplasty, noma i-balloon kyphoplasty, ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okuhlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokucindezelwa komgogodla okubangelwa yi-osteoporosis, ukwaphuka kwamathambo, ukulimala, noma ukulimala. Ngokuvamile kucatshangelwa lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona ezokuhlinzwa zehlulekile.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Ukusikwa okuncane kuvumela i-catheter yebhaluni ukuthi idale isikhala ngaphakathi kwe-vertebra ephukile, bese igcwaliswa ngethambo noma usimende bese iqina ukuze izinze futhi ibuyisele ukuma namandla omgogodla.
• Ukunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuhilela imithi yobuhlungu, ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba, kanye ne-physiotherapy yokuqinisa imisipha nokuhambahamba.
• I-Kyphoplasty ivame ukuba nesikhathi esifushane sokuqala sokululama esiyizinsuku eziningana ukuze ilulame ngokugcwele, esithatha cishe amasonto angu-4-6.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukuhamba kokujoyina okuthuthukisiwe
• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngokushesha
• Izinqubo ezihlaselayo kancane

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - I-Kyphoplasty

Ukubuka kuqala: Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Osteotomy kuhilela ukusika nokubumba kabusha amathambo futhi kuhlose ukulungisa ukukhubazeka, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamalunga.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Osteotomy, noma ukuhlinzwa kokusika amathambo, kuyindlela enkulu yokuhlinzwa ehlukahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye kuye ngokuthi isimo sinzima kangakanani kanye nobunzima baso.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kudinga i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuze kwenziwe inqubo ende ethatha cishe imizuzu engama-60 kuya kwengama-90 futhi idinga izinsuku eziningana ukuze kutholakale ukululama okuphelele.

Izinzuzo:

• Ilungisa ukuhambisana kwamalunga nemisebenzi yawo
• Kubambezela ukuqhubeka kokuwohloka kwamalunga
• Ubuhlungu obunciphile nokungaphatheki kahle

Funda Okwengeziwe Mayelana - Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Osteotomy

Ukubuka kuqala: Luhlobo lokuhlinzwa olubhekana nomonakalo we-labrum (umphetho we-cartilage ozungeze isokhethi lehlombe), ngokuvamile oluhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokusebenza kwehlombe. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kubantu abanengozi eyengeziwe yokukhumuka kwehlombe.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Le nqubo yenziwa nge-arthroscopically, kusetshenziswa ikhamera namathuluzi ambalwa akhethekile afakwe ngokusebenzisa izimbobo eziningi ezincane. Ngemva kwalokho, izicubu ze-labral ezonakele ziyasuswa, bese indawo ilungiselelwa ukulungiswa.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esesebenzisa ama-suture ukuze adlulise ukudabuka kanye ne-anchor ukuze aqinise i-labrum. Ngezinye izikhathi izicubu ezizungezile zingase ziqinise ilunga futhi zithuthukise ukuzinza.
• Iziguli kufanele zigqoke i-brace isikhathi esithile bese kamuva zilandela ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukuze zibuyisele amandla kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukukhululeka kobuhlungu okuthuthukisiwe
• Ibanga elikhulisiwe lokunyakaza
• Ukubuyela ngokushesha emisebenzini yangaphambilini

Ukubuka kuqala: Ihlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamalunga ngokususa izicubu ze-synovial ezivuvukele. Inhloso yayo ukunciphisa nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga nokubambezela noma ukugwema isidingo sokufakwa esikhundleni samalunga ngokususa izicubu ze-synovial ezivuvukele nokunciphisa ijubane lokuqhubeka kwesifo samathambo.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlinza:

• Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ngokucophelela izicubu ze-synovial ezivuvukele ukuze alondoloze izakhiwo ezizungezile ezinempilo.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamalunga okulibazisekile
• Ukusebenza okuhlangene okuthuthukisiwe
• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngokushesha

Kwenziwani?

UYashoda uzibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba okuphezulu ngokunemba okumangalisayo ngokusiza odokotela abahlinzayo ekufakeni izinsimbi noma izifakelo ngezinhlelo zokuzulazula ezisizwa yikhompyutha, ukusiza ekuthathweni kwezithombe ze-3D ngenkathi enza ukufakwa kwamalunga noma noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa komgogodla, kanye nokuqinisekisa isiqondiso sokuhlinzwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukunemba Okuthuthukisiwe Kokuhlinzwa ngempendulo yesikhathi sangempela
• Kuthuthukisa ububanzi bezinzuzo zesikhathi eside (ukusinda kokufakelwa)
• Amathuba ambalwa okuhlinzwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nezinkinga ezincane.
• Izinhlelo zokwelapha ezigxile esigulini ukuqinisekisa izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu.

Kwenziwani?

Ama-drill aphathekayo, angenantambo (uxhumano olungenantambo) abizwa ngokuthi ama-drill athuthukisiwe asebenza ngebhethri asetshenziselwa ukudala imigodi noma ama-drill anembile okubeka izipikili, amapuleti, nezikulufo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwamathambo.

Izinzuzo:

• Ayinantambo, ngakho kulula ukuyiphatha egumbini lokuhlinza.
• Kuthatha isikhathi esincane kunamathuluzi esandla.
• Nciphisa umonakalo emathanjeni azungezile.
• Ifakwe izembozo ezihlanzekile, okunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka.

Kwenziwani?

Izinhlelo zokuvuselela ezibhedlela zaseYashoda zabantu abaye bahlinzwa amathambo ziyisinyathelo esisekelayo sokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle ephelele ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunakekelwa ngozwelo.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukubuyisela ukusebenza
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga
• Ukuphatha izimo ezingamahlalakhona impilo yonke
• Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
• Ukuqinisa imisipha nokuthuthukisa ibhalansi
• Ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuhambahamba