The cause is unknown. The symptoms are not as severe as depression. However, affected people struggle most days with symptoms of depressed mood. It occurs more frequently in women than men and generally persists over a period of years. It can occur in children.

• Depressed mood for most of the day
  • Depressed more days than not
  • Continues for 2 years or longer
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Low energy or fatigue
• Low self-esteem
• Poor concentration
• Feelings of hopelessness

The person’s own description of the behavior usually leads to diagnosis of the disorder. A physical examination is given to rule out physical cause, and a psychological evaluation is given to rule out other psychiatric disorders.

Treatment consists of a combination of medication and therapy. The most common therapies are cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Often, higher doses of medications are necessary than for severe depression.

The overall outlook is good with treatment but the disorder may persist for several years.